-- Installation 
Follow instructions from this article

https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-hadoop-in-stand-alone-mode-on-ubuntu-16-04

-- Execution

---- Hadoop with Java

------ make input directory
mkdir ~/input

------ make output directory
mkdir ~/output

------ copy config files (for testing) to hadoop input directory
cp /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/*.xml ~/input/

------ run job
/usr/local/hadoop/bin/hadoop jar /usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-3.0.0.jar grep ~/input ~/output 'hadoop[.]*'

---- Hadoop with Python

------ Create workspace
mkdir ~/workspace/hadoop

------ create mapper.py inside workspace
vim ~/workspace/hadoop/mapper.py

------ create reducer.py
vim ~/workspace/hadoop/mapper.py

------ make mapper.py and reducer.py executable
chmod +x mapper.py
chmod +x reducer.py

------ create data directory and copy data (book*.txt) into that 
mkdir ~/workspace/hadoop/data

------ run job without hadoop environment

-------- command prompt
echo "foo foo quux labs foo bar quux" | ./mapper.py | sort -k1,1 | ./reducer.py
-------- book example
cat data/book1.txt | ./mapper.py | ./reducer.py

-------- run job in hadoop environment

---------- copy local text files to hdfs
/usr/local/hadoop/bin/hadoop dfs -copyFromLocal data/ ./input

---------- check input in hdfs
/usr/local/hadoop/bin/hadoop dfs -ls

---------- run map reduce job
/usr/local/hadoop/bin/hadoop jar /usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/tools/lib/hadoop-streaming-3.0.0.jar -file /home/ckpcetco/workspace/hadoop/mapper.py  -mapper /home/ckpcetco/workspace/hadoop/mapper.py -file /home/ckpcetco/workspace/hadoop/reducer.py   -reducer /home/ckpcetco/workspace/hadoop/reducer.py -input /home/ckpcetco/workspace/hadoop/input/* -output /home/ckpcetco/workspace/hadoop/output

---------- check output
/usr/local/hadoop/bin/hadoop dfs -cat /home/ckpcetco/workspace/hadoop/output/part-00000